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- Processor: Intel 386EX running at 25 MHz, providing a balance between low power consumption and sufficient processing capability for embedded control tasks.
- Form Factor: PC/104 standard, ensuring mechanical and electrical compatibility with a wide range of PC/104 peripheral modules.
- Memory: 512 kB DRAM onboard, suitable for lightweight embedded operating systems or firmware-based control applications.
- Serial Interfaces:
- COM1: RS-232 interface for standard serial communication.
- COM2: Configurable RS-232/RS-485 interface, allowing flexible connection to industrial devices, sensors, or communication networks.
- Interrupt Resources: Free IRQs 5–7, 9, and 14 available for peripheral expansion or custom I/O integration.
- Power Supply: Operates from a single +5 VDC supply at approximately 350 mA, optimized for low-power embedded environments.
- Industrial Design: Rugged, compact, and stackable design suitable for embedded and industrial automation systems.
- Compatibility: Fully compliant with the PC/104 bus standard, enabling easy stacking with I/O, communication, and storage modules.
- Form Factor: PC/104 standard, ensuring mechanical and electrical compatibility with a wide range of PC/104 peripheral modules.
- Memory: 512 kB DRAM onboard, suitable for lightweight embedded operating systems or firmware-based control applications.
- Serial Interfaces:
- COM1: RS-232 interface for standard serial communication.
- COM2: Configurable RS-232/RS-485 interface, allowing flexible connection to industrial devices, sensors, or communication networks.
- Interrupt Resources: Free IRQs 5–7, 9, and 14 available for peripheral expansion or custom I/O integration.
- Power Supply: Operates from a single +5 VDC supply at approximately 350 mA, optimized for low-power embedded environments.
- Industrial Design: Rugged, compact, and stackable design suitable for embedded and industrial automation systems.
- Compatibility: Fully compliant with the PC/104 bus standard, enabling easy stacking with I/O, communication, and storage modules.
1. Product Overview
Product Name: PIA-3012
Model: 386EX-25 CPU PC/104 Module
Series: PIA Embedded PC/104 Series
Article Number: PIA-3012
Manufacturer: (Manufacturer not explicitly stated in source; typically associated with industrial embedded computing suppliers or PC/104 module manufacturers)
The PIA-3012 is a compact, embedded PC/104 CPU module built around the Intel 386EX-25 processor, designed for industrial and embedded control applications that require reliable x86-compatible computing in a small form factor. It integrates essential serial communication interfaces, onboard memory, and standard PC/104 bus connectivity, making it suitable for integration into modular embedded systems, automation controllers, and legacy industrial computing environments.
2. Key Features
- Processor: Intel 386EX running at 25 MHz, providing a balance between low power consumption and sufficient processing capability for embedded control tasks.
- Form Factor: PC/104 standard, ensuring mechanical and electrical compatibility with a wide range of PC/104 peripheral modules.
- Memory: 512 kB DRAM onboard, suitable for lightweight embedded operating systems or firmware-based control applications.
- Serial Interfaces:
- COM1: RS-232 interface for standard serial communication.
- COM2: Configurable RS-232/RS-485 interface, allowing flexible connection to industrial devices, sensors, or communication networks.
- Interrupt Resources: Free IRQs 5–7, 9, and 14 available for peripheral expansion or custom I/O integration.
- Power Supply: Operates from a single +5 VDC supply at approximately 350 mA, optimized for low-power embedded environments.
- Industrial Design: Rugged, compact, and stackable design suitable for embedded and industrial automation systems.
- Compatibility: Fully compliant with the PC/104 bus standard, enabling easy stacking with I/O, communication, and storage modules.
3. Technical Specifications
- Processor: Intel 386EX, 25 MHz clock frequency
- Memory: 512 kB DRAM onboard
- Bus Interface: PC/104 (ISA-compatible 8/16-bit bus)
- Serial Ports:
- COM1: RS-232
- COM2: RS-232/RS-485 (selectable)
- Interrupts: Free IRQs 5, 6, 7, 9, 14
- Power Requirements: +5 VDC ±5%, 350 mA typical current consumption
- Form Factor Dimensions: Standard PC/104 footprint (approx. 90 mm × 96 mm)
- Operating Temperature: Typically 0°C to +60°C (industrial variants may support extended ranges)
- Weight: Approximately 100–150 g (typical for PC/104 CPU modules)
- Connectors:
- PC/104 64-pin and 40-pin stack-through connectors
- Serial port headers for COM1 and COM2
- Material: Multi-layer PCB with industrial-grade components for durability and long-term reliability
4. Functionality
The PIA-3012 functions as a self-contained embedded CPU board that can serve as the central processing unit in a modular PC/104 system. It provides the computational core, memory, and communication interfaces required for embedded control, data acquisition, and automation tasks.
Operational Overview:
- The Intel 386EX processor executes embedded firmware or real-time operating systems (such as DOS, embedded Linux, or RTOS variants) stored in onboard or external memory.
- The PC/104 bus interface allows the module to communicate with stacked peripheral boards, including digital I/O, analog I/O, communication, or storage modules.
- The dual serial ports enable direct connection to external devices such as sensors, actuators, modems, or industrial controllers.
- The RS-485 capability on COM2 supports multi-drop communication networks commonly used in industrial automation (e.g., Modbus RTU).
Use Cases and Applications:
- Industrial automation controllers
- Data acquisition systems
- Machine control and monitoring
- Legacy system upgrades requiring x86 compatibility
- Embedded communication gateways
- Transportation and mobile control systems
- Laboratory instrumentation and test equipment
Compatibility:
- Compatible with standard PC/104 peripheral modules and backplanes.
- Supports integration with legacy ISA-based embedded systems.
- Can interface with standard serial devices and industrial communication networks.
5. Components & Accessories
Included Components:
- PIA-3012 CPU module (386EX-25)
- Onboard 512 kB DRAM
- PC/104 stack-through connectors (pre-mounted)
- Serial port headers for COM1 (RS-232) and COM2 (RS-232/485)
Optional Accessories (typical for PC/104 systems):
- PC/104 I/O expansion modules (digital I/O, analog I/O, CAN, Ethernet, etc.)
- Power supply modules or DC/DC converters for extended voltage input ranges
- Mounting hardware (standoffs, screws) for stack assembly
- Serial interface cables or breakout boards
- Flash memory or storage modules (CompactFlash, DiskOnChip, or similar)
Connectors:
- Standard PC/104 64-pin (ISA) and 40-pin (XT) connectors for bus communication
- 10-pin or 9-pin serial headers for COM1 and COM2
- Power input via PC/104 connector or dedicated header
6. Installation & Setup
Requirements:
- +5 VDC regulated power supply capable of delivering at least 350 mA
- Compatible PC/104 peripheral modules or backplane for system integration
- Proper grounding and shielding for industrial environments
Mounting Options:
- Stackable PC/104 configuration using standard mounting holes and standoffs
- Can be mounted horizontally or vertically depending on system enclosure design
- Suitable for integration into custom embedded enclosures or industrial chassis
Configuration:
- Serial port mode selection (RS-232 or RS-485) typically configured via jumpers or onboard switches
- IRQ assignments and I/O address ranges configurable through jumpers or BIOS settings (depending on system design)
- Boot configuration (from onboard ROM, external flash, or other storage) determined by system firmware setup
Setup Procedure:
1. Mount the PIA-3012 onto the PC/104 stack using standard standoffs.
2. Connect the +5 VDC power source to the PC/104 bus or dedicated power header.
3. Attach serial cables to COM1 and COM2 as required.
4. Configure jumpers for communication mode and IRQ settings.
5. Load and initialize the embedded operating system or firmware.
6. Verify communication with peripheral modules and external devices.
7. Performance & Capabilities
Processing Performance:
- The Intel 386EX-25 provides 32-bit processing capability with integrated memory and I/O controllers, optimized for deterministic embedded applications.
- Suitable for control logic, data handling, and communication tasks rather than high-performance computing.
Memory and Storage:
- 512 kB DRAM provides sufficient capacity for compact embedded firmware or real-time control programs.
- External memory or storage modules can be added via PC/104 expansion if required.
Communication Performance:
- RS-232 ports support standard baud rates up to 115.2 kbps.
- RS-485 mode supports multi-drop communication over long distances (up to 1200 m typical).
Power Efficiency:
- Low power consumption (approx. 1.75 W at 5 V, 350 mA) enables fanless operation and extended reliability in embedded environments.
Limitations:
- Limited memory capacity restricts use to lightweight embedded applications.
- No integrated graphics or advanced I/O; relies on PC/104 expansion for additional functionality.
- Designed for legacy or low-power embedded systems rather than modern high-performance computing.
8. Standards & Compliance
- Form Factor Standard: PC/104 (IEEE P996.1 compliant mechanical and electrical specification)
- Bus Compatibility: ISA-compatible 8/16-bit bus signaling
- Electrical Compliance: Operates within PC/104 voltage and current specifications
- Serial Communication Standards:
- RS-232 (EIA/TIA-232-F compliant)
- RS-485 (EIA/TIA-485-A compliant)
- Environmental Compliance: Designed for industrial environments; typically meets CE and FCC Class A requirements for electromagnetic compatibility (depending on manufacturer certification).
- RoHS Compliance: Depending on production date and manufacturer, may comply with Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directives.
9. Additional Information
Warranty:
- Typically supplied with a standard 12-month manufacturer’s warranty covering defects in materials and workmanship (actual terms depend on supplier).
Support:
- Technical documentation includes hardware reference manual, jumper configuration guide, and PC/104 integration instructions.
- Manufacturer or distributor may provide firmware examples, BIOS configuration utilities, and driver support for DOS or embedded operating systems.
Maintenance:
- Minimal maintenance required; designed for long-term embedded operation.
- Periodic inspection of connectors and power supply recommended for industrial installations.
- Firmware updates or configuration changes can be applied via serial interface or external programming tools.
Updates and Longevity:
- The Intel 386EX architecture ensures long-term availability for legacy system support.
- PC/104 standard guarantees ongoing compatibility with a wide range of peripheral modules.
- Ideal for applications requiring stable, long-life embedded computing platforms without frequent hardware changes.
Summary
The PIA-3012 (386EX-25 CPU PC/104 module) is a compact, low-power embedded computing solution built on the Intel 386EX processor architecture. With onboard 512 kB DRAM, dual serial ports (RS-232 and RS-232/485), and full PC/104 bus compatibility, it provides a reliable foundation for industrial control, automation, and communication systems. Its low power consumption, flexible serial connectivity, and modular PC/104 design make it an excellent choice for embedded applications requiring proven x86 compatibility, deterministic performance, and long-term availability.
Key Technical Highlights:
- Intel 386EX-25 CPU
- 512 kB DRAM
- COM1 RS-232, COM2 RS-232/RS-485
- Free IRQs: 5–7, 9, 14
- +5 VDC, 350 mA power requirement
- PC/104 standard form factor (90 × 96 mm)
This module exemplifies a robust, legacy-compatible embedded CPU board engineered for dependable operation in industrial and embedded environments.
Product Name: PIA-3012
Model: 386EX-25 CPU PC/104 Module
Series: PIA Embedded PC/104 Series
Article Number: PIA-3012
Manufacturer: (Manufacturer not explicitly stated in source; typically associated with industrial embedded computing suppliers or PC/104 module manufacturers)
The PIA-3012 is a compact, embedded PC/104 CPU module built around the Intel 386EX-25 processor, designed for industrial and embedded control applications that require reliable x86-compatible computing in a small form factor. It integrates essential serial communication interfaces, onboard memory, and standard PC/104 bus connectivity, making it suitable for integration into modular embedded systems, automation controllers, and legacy industrial computing environments.
2. Key Features
- Processor: Intel 386EX running at 25 MHz, providing a balance between low power consumption and sufficient processing capability for embedded control tasks.
- Form Factor: PC/104 standard, ensuring mechanical and electrical compatibility with a wide range of PC/104 peripheral modules.
- Memory: 512 kB DRAM onboard, suitable for lightweight embedded operating systems or firmware-based control applications.
- Serial Interfaces:
- COM1: RS-232 interface for standard serial communication.
- COM2: Configurable RS-232/RS-485 interface, allowing flexible connection to industrial devices, sensors, or communication networks.
- Interrupt Resources: Free IRQs 5–7, 9, and 14 available for peripheral expansion or custom I/O integration.
- Power Supply: Operates from a single +5 VDC supply at approximately 350 mA, optimized for low-power embedded environments.
- Industrial Design: Rugged, compact, and stackable design suitable for embedded and industrial automation systems.
- Compatibility: Fully compliant with the PC/104 bus standard, enabling easy stacking with I/O, communication, and storage modules.
3. Technical Specifications
- Processor: Intel 386EX, 25 MHz clock frequency
- Memory: 512 kB DRAM onboard
- Bus Interface: PC/104 (ISA-compatible 8/16-bit bus)
- Serial Ports:
- COM1: RS-232
- COM2: RS-232/RS-485 (selectable)
- Interrupts: Free IRQs 5, 6, 7, 9, 14
- Power Requirements: +5 VDC ±5%, 350 mA typical current consumption
- Form Factor Dimensions: Standard PC/104 footprint (approx. 90 mm × 96 mm)
- Operating Temperature: Typically 0°C to +60°C (industrial variants may support extended ranges)
- Weight: Approximately 100–150 g (typical for PC/104 CPU modules)
- Connectors:
- PC/104 64-pin and 40-pin stack-through connectors
- Serial port headers for COM1 and COM2
- Material: Multi-layer PCB with industrial-grade components for durability and long-term reliability
4. Functionality
The PIA-3012 functions as a self-contained embedded CPU board that can serve as the central processing unit in a modular PC/104 system. It provides the computational core, memory, and communication interfaces required for embedded control, data acquisition, and automation tasks.
Operational Overview:
- The Intel 386EX processor executes embedded firmware or real-time operating systems (such as DOS, embedded Linux, or RTOS variants) stored in onboard or external memory.
- The PC/104 bus interface allows the module to communicate with stacked peripheral boards, including digital I/O, analog I/O, communication, or storage modules.
- The dual serial ports enable direct connection to external devices such as sensors, actuators, modems, or industrial controllers.
- The RS-485 capability on COM2 supports multi-drop communication networks commonly used in industrial automation (e.g., Modbus RTU).
Use Cases and Applications:
- Industrial automation controllers
- Data acquisition systems
- Machine control and monitoring
- Legacy system upgrades requiring x86 compatibility
- Embedded communication gateways
- Transportation and mobile control systems
- Laboratory instrumentation and test equipment
Compatibility:
- Compatible with standard PC/104 peripheral modules and backplanes.
- Supports integration with legacy ISA-based embedded systems.
- Can interface with standard serial devices and industrial communication networks.
5. Components & Accessories
Included Components:
- PIA-3012 CPU module (386EX-25)
- Onboard 512 kB DRAM
- PC/104 stack-through connectors (pre-mounted)
- Serial port headers for COM1 (RS-232) and COM2 (RS-232/485)
Optional Accessories (typical for PC/104 systems):
- PC/104 I/O expansion modules (digital I/O, analog I/O, CAN, Ethernet, etc.)
- Power supply modules or DC/DC converters for extended voltage input ranges
- Mounting hardware (standoffs, screws) for stack assembly
- Serial interface cables or breakout boards
- Flash memory or storage modules (CompactFlash, DiskOnChip, or similar)
Connectors:
- Standard PC/104 64-pin (ISA) and 40-pin (XT) connectors for bus communication
- 10-pin or 9-pin serial headers for COM1 and COM2
- Power input via PC/104 connector or dedicated header
6. Installation & Setup
Requirements:
- +5 VDC regulated power supply capable of delivering at least 350 mA
- Compatible PC/104 peripheral modules or backplane for system integration
- Proper grounding and shielding for industrial environments
Mounting Options:
- Stackable PC/104 configuration using standard mounting holes and standoffs
- Can be mounted horizontally or vertically depending on system enclosure design
- Suitable for integration into custom embedded enclosures or industrial chassis
Configuration:
- Serial port mode selection (RS-232 or RS-485) typically configured via jumpers or onboard switches
- IRQ assignments and I/O address ranges configurable through jumpers or BIOS settings (depending on system design)
- Boot configuration (from onboard ROM, external flash, or other storage) determined by system firmware setup
Setup Procedure:
1. Mount the PIA-3012 onto the PC/104 stack using standard standoffs.
2. Connect the +5 VDC power source to the PC/104 bus or dedicated power header.
3. Attach serial cables to COM1 and COM2 as required.
4. Configure jumpers for communication mode and IRQ settings.
5. Load and initialize the embedded operating system or firmware.
6. Verify communication with peripheral modules and external devices.
7. Performance & Capabilities
Processing Performance:
- The Intel 386EX-25 provides 32-bit processing capability with integrated memory and I/O controllers, optimized for deterministic embedded applications.
- Suitable for control logic, data handling, and communication tasks rather than high-performance computing.
Memory and Storage:
- 512 kB DRAM provides sufficient capacity for compact embedded firmware or real-time control programs.
- External memory or storage modules can be added via PC/104 expansion if required.
Communication Performance:
- RS-232 ports support standard baud rates up to 115.2 kbps.
- RS-485 mode supports multi-drop communication over long distances (up to 1200 m typical).
Power Efficiency:
- Low power consumption (approx. 1.75 W at 5 V, 350 mA) enables fanless operation and extended reliability in embedded environments.
Limitations:
- Limited memory capacity restricts use to lightweight embedded applications.
- No integrated graphics or advanced I/O; relies on PC/104 expansion for additional functionality.
- Designed for legacy or low-power embedded systems rather than modern high-performance computing.
8. Standards & Compliance
- Form Factor Standard: PC/104 (IEEE P996.1 compliant mechanical and electrical specification)
- Bus Compatibility: ISA-compatible 8/16-bit bus signaling
- Electrical Compliance: Operates within PC/104 voltage and current specifications
- Serial Communication Standards:
- RS-232 (EIA/TIA-232-F compliant)
- RS-485 (EIA/TIA-485-A compliant)
- Environmental Compliance: Designed for industrial environments; typically meets CE and FCC Class A requirements for electromagnetic compatibility (depending on manufacturer certification).
- RoHS Compliance: Depending on production date and manufacturer, may comply with Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directives.
9. Additional Information
Warranty:
- Typically supplied with a standard 12-month manufacturer’s warranty covering defects in materials and workmanship (actual terms depend on supplier).
Support:
- Technical documentation includes hardware reference manual, jumper configuration guide, and PC/104 integration instructions.
- Manufacturer or distributor may provide firmware examples, BIOS configuration utilities, and driver support for DOS or embedded operating systems.
Maintenance:
- Minimal maintenance required; designed for long-term embedded operation.
- Periodic inspection of connectors and power supply recommended for industrial installations.
- Firmware updates or configuration changes can be applied via serial interface or external programming tools.
Updates and Longevity:
- The Intel 386EX architecture ensures long-term availability for legacy system support.
- PC/104 standard guarantees ongoing compatibility with a wide range of peripheral modules.
- Ideal for applications requiring stable, long-life embedded computing platforms without frequent hardware changes.
Summary
The PIA-3012 (386EX-25 CPU PC/104 module) is a compact, low-power embedded computing solution built on the Intel 386EX processor architecture. With onboard 512 kB DRAM, dual serial ports (RS-232 and RS-232/485), and full PC/104 bus compatibility, it provides a reliable foundation for industrial control, automation, and communication systems. Its low power consumption, flexible serial connectivity, and modular PC/104 design make it an excellent choice for embedded applications requiring proven x86 compatibility, deterministic performance, and long-term availability.
Key Technical Highlights:
- Intel 386EX-25 CPU
- 512 kB DRAM
- COM1 RS-232, COM2 RS-232/RS-485
- Free IRQs: 5–7, 9, 14
- +5 VDC, 350 mA power requirement
- PC/104 standard form factor (90 × 96 mm)
This module exemplifies a robust, legacy-compatible embedded CPU board engineered for dependable operation in industrial and embedded environments.
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