Comprehensive Product Summary – CONTEC AD16-16(PCI)E PCI Analog/Digital I/O Board

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### 1. Product Overview

Product Name: PCI Analog/Digital Conversion Board
Model: AD16-16(PCI)E
Series: Analog Input Board for PCI (E Series)
Article Number: AD16-16(PCI)E
Manufacturer: CONTEC Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan

The AD16-16(PCI)E is a multifunction PCI bus analog/digital interface board designed for IBM PC/AT-compatible systems. It provides high-resolution analog-to-digital (A/D) and digital-to-analog (D/A) conversion capabilities, digital I/O, and counter/timer functions. The board is part of CONTEC’s E-series PCI analog input family, which also includes the AD12-16(PCI)E and AD12-16U(PCI)E models. The AD16-16(PCI)E distinguishes itself with 16-bit resolution and a 100 kS/s maximum sampling rate, making it suitable for precision measurement, data acquisition, and control applications.

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### 2. Key Features

- High-Resolution A/D Conversion:
16-bit resolution with ±10 V, ±5 V, 0–10 V, or 0–5 V input ranges.
Provides accurate analog signal digitization for laboratory and industrial measurement.

- Analog Input Channels:
16 single-ended or 8 differential analog input channels.
Expandable to 32 single-ended or 16 differential channels using optional ATCH-16(PCI) or ATUH-16(PCI) expansion units.

- Analog Output Channel:
One 16-bit D/A output channel with ±10 V or 0–10 V range, 13 µs conversion speed, and ±5 mA drive capability.

- High-Speed Sampling:
Up to 100 k samples per second (10 µs per channel).
Internal or external sampling clock selectable.

- Large Onboard Memory:
256K-word FIFO or ring buffer memory for high-speed, continuous data acquisition and background processing.

- Digital I/O:
Four TTL-level digital inputs and four TTL-level digital outputs.
Shared pins allow counter/timer signal routing.

- Counter/Timer Function:
One i8254-compatible programmable counter with three 16-bit counters.
Supports internal 4 MHz or external clock input.

- Interrupt Support:
Multiple interrupt sources including sampling completion, buffer status, overflow, external triggers, and counter events.

- Flexible Triggering:
Sampling start/stop can be controlled by software, analog signal level comparison, or external TTL trigger signals.

- Optional Expansion and Conditioning Units:
Compatible with CONTEC’s ATSS-16 (simultaneous sampling), ATII-8 (isolated input), ATLF-8 (low-pass filter), and ATP-16 (BNC terminal) accessories.

- Multi-Board Support:
Up to 16 boards can be installed in a single system, each with a unique board ID (0–F).

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### 3. Technical Specifications

Analog Input Section
- Channels: 16 single-ended or 8 differential
- Input Ranges: ±10 V, ±5 V, 0–10 V, 0–5 V (jumper selectable)
- Absolute Maximum Input Voltage: ±20 V
- Input Impedance: >1 MΩ
- Resolution: 16 bits
- Conversion Speed: 10 µs per channel (100 kS/s max)
- Conversion Accuracy: ±5 LSB typical
- Non-Linearity Error: ±0.1% FSR max (temperature dependent)
- Buffer Memory: 256K words (FIFO or ring mode)
- Trigger Sources: Software, analog level comparison, or external TTL signal
- Stop Conditions: Software, sample count, analog level, or external TTL signal

Analog Output Section
- Channels: 1 single-ended
- Output Range: ±10 V or 0–10 V (jumper selectable)
- Output Current: ±5 mA max
- Resolution: 16 bits
- Non-Linearity Error: ±2 LSB
- Conversion Speed: 13 µs max
- Output Impedance: ≤1 Ω

Digital I/O Section
- Digital Inputs: 4 TTL-level inputs (shared with counter control)
- Digital Outputs: 4 TTL-level outputs (one shared with counter output)
- Input Threshold: TTL compatible
- Output Drive: 24 mA sink current per channel

Counter Section
- Device: i8254-compatible, 3 × 16-bit counters
- Clock Source: Internal 4 MHz or external TTL signal
- Gate/Clock/Output Routing: Configurable via jumpers (JP1–JP3)
- External Control: TTL-level signals only

Physical and Electrical
- Dimensions: 176.4 mm (L) × 107 mm (H)
- Weight: Approx. 150 g
- Power Supply: +5 VDC, 1.3 A max
- Operating Temperature: 0–50 °C
- Operating Humidity: 20–90% RH (non-condensing)
- Bus Interface: PCI, 32-bit, 33 MHz, universal key (3.3 V/5 V compatible)

Connectors
- CN1: 37-pin D-sub female (analog I/O)
- CN2: 16-pin header (digital I/O and control)
- CN3: 16-pin expansion connector (for ATCH-16(PCI) or ATUH-16(PCI))

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### 4. Functionality

Analog Input Operation
The AD16-16(PCI)E performs A/D conversion of analog signals into 16-bit digital data. Sampling can be initiated by software, external triggers, or analog level thresholds. Data is stored in onboard memory using FIFO or ring buffer modes. The board supports both single-channel and multichannel scanning, with programmable channel order and sampling intervals.

Analog Output Operation
The single D/A channel outputs analog voltages corresponding to 16-bit digital input data. Output ranges are jumper-selectable, and the output can be used for control signals, waveform generation, or analog actuator driving.

Digital I/O
Four TTL inputs and four TTL outputs allow control and monitoring of external devices. Inputs can also serve as counter gate or clock signals, and outputs can be configured as counter outputs.

Counter/Timer
The integrated i8254-compatible counter provides timing, event counting, and frequency generation. It can operate in cascade mode for 32-bit counting or as independent 16-bit counters. External gate and clock inputs are supported.

Trigger and Clock Control
Sampling can be synchronized with external events using TTL-level start/stop triggers or external sampling clocks. Internal timing is derived from an onboard programmable clock generator with 25 ns resolution.

Interrupt Handling
Interrupts can be generated for various events, including:
- Sampling completion
- Buffer half/full/overflow
- External trigger detection
- Counter overflow
- Sampling clock errors
- Overrange conditions

Data Formats
Supports offset binary and two’s complement data formats for A/D conversion results.

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### 5. Components & Accessories

Included Items:
- AD16-16(PCI)E board
- User’s Manual
- Setup Disk (3½-inch 2HD floppy)

Optional Accessories:
- ATSS-16: 16-channel simultaneous sample/hold unit
- ATII-8: Isolated input conditioning unit with CJC and current input
- ATLF-8: Differential input conditioning unit with low-pass filter
- ATCH-16(PCI)/ATUH-16(PCI): Channel expansion units
- ATP-16: BNC terminal panel for single-ended inputs
- DTP-3(PC)/FTP-15: Screw terminal panels
- PCC16PS/PCD8PS: Coaxial and shielded cables for analog inputs
- DT/E1, DT/E2: Digital I/O cables and conversion adapters

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### 6. Installation & Setup

System Requirements:
- IBM PC/AT-compatible computer with available PCI slot
- Supported OS: Windows 95/98/2000/XP or MS-DOS
- Optional CONTEC driver software (API-PAC(W32)) recommended

Installation Steps:
1. Power off the PC and open the chassis.
2. Set the board ID (SW1 rotary switch, range 0–F).
3. Configure jumpers for input mode, voltage range, and output range.
4. Insert the board into a PCI slot and secure it.
5. Install the driver software and register the board in the OS.
6. Verify installation using the included diagnostic program.

Mounting:
Standard PCI short card form factor; compatible with both 3.3 V and 5 V keyed slots.

Configuration:
- Input mode (JP4–JP6): Single-ended or differential
- Input range (JP7–JP11): ±10 V, ±5 V, 0–10 V, 0–5 V
- Output range (JP12–JP15): ±10 V or 0–10 V
- Counter signal routing (JP1–JP3): Select internal/external gate and clock sources

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### 7. Performance & Capabilities

- Sampling Rate: 100 kS/s (10 µs per channel)
- Resolution: 16 bits
- Buffer Capacity: 256K words (FIFO or ring)
- Analog Output Speed: 13 µs per conversion
- Digital I/O Response: TTL-level, 24 mA sink capability
- Counter Frequency: Up to 4 MHz internal clock
- Accuracy: ±5 LSB typical, ±0.1% FSR max non-linearity
- Noise Immunity: Differential input mode recommended for long cable runs or noisy environments
- Simultaneous Sampling: Supported via optional ATSS-16 unit
- Channel Expansion: Up to 32 SE / 16 DI channels with ATCH-16(PCI)

Limitations:
- Non-isolated analog I/O (common ground)
- ±5 mA maximum analog output current
- TTL-level only for external control signals

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### 8. Standards & Compliance

- Bus Interface: PCI Local Bus Specification Rev. 2.1 compliant
- Electrical Safety: Designed for low-voltage DC operation
- Environmental: Operating 0–50 °C, 20–90% RH (non-condensing)
- EMC: Meets general PC peripheral standards (intended for industrial/lab environments)
- RoHS/CE: Compliance dependent on production batch (refer to manufacturer documentation)

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### 9. Additional Information

Warranty:
Limited three-year warranty covering defects in materials and workmanship.
Excludes damage from misuse, modification, or improper installation.

Technical Support:
CONTEC provides global support through regional offices in Japan, USA, Europe, Korea, China, and Taiwan.
Email: tech_support@contecusa.com | Website: [www.contec.com](http://www.contec.com)

Maintenance & Calibration:
Factory-calibrated prior to shipment.
Periodic recalibration recommended for precision applications.
Calibration potentiometers (VR1–VR11) allow fine adjustment of input/output gain and offset.

Software Support:
- API-PAC(W32): Windows driver and API library for C/C++/VB development
- ACX-PAC(W32): ActiveX component package
- API-AIO(LNX): Linux driver library
- C-LOGGER: Data logging and visualization software
- ML-DAQ / VI-DAQ: MATLAB and LabVIEW integration libraries

Demonstration & Diagnostic Tools:
Included DOS-based utilities for analog input/output, digital I/O, and counter testing.
Diagnostic programs verify board installation, resource allocation, and signal integrity.

Firmware & Updates:
Firmware and driver updates available via CONTEC’s website.
Backward-compatible with earlier E-series boards (AD12-16(PCI)E, AD12-16U(PCI)E).

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### Summary

The CONTEC AD16-16(PCI)E is a robust, high-resolution PCI analog/digital interface board engineered for precision data acquisition and control. With 16-bit A/D and D/A conversion, flexible triggering, large onboard memory, and comprehensive digital I/O and counter functions, it serves as a versatile platform for laboratory instrumentation, process monitoring, and automated testing systems. Its modular design, extensive software support, and compatibility with optional expansion and conditioning units make it a scalable solution for both research and industrial environments.